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RPM (Red Hat Package Manager) is the most popular package manager tool for Red Hat based system such as RHEL, CentOS and Fedora. This tool allows Linux users to install, uninstall, update, verify, query and manage software packages. It is default package manager for RedHat Linux system.
RPM is a file which include uninstallable software and libraries need by the package. It is free tool created by RedHat. RPM stores all information about packages in “/var/lib/rpm” database.
RPM Advantages
1. Easy to install and uninstall program
2. Automatic Installation
3. Easy to update installed software
4. It is available for all Linux distributions
Basic RPM Command Option
- Install : Used to install RPM package.
- Remove : Used to remove, erase and uninstall RPM package.
- Upgrade : Used to upgrade the existing RPM package.
- Verify : Used to query about different RPM package.
- Query : Used to verify the RPM package.
RPM Command Examples
Install Package
Follow the below command to install .rpm package. Make sure you are logged as a root user to run this command.
# rpm -ivh MySQL-client-3.23.57-1.i386.rpm Preparing... ########################################### [100%] 1:MySQL-client ########################################### [100%]
Where,
i : Used for install package
v : In verbose mode
h : Used for human readable format
Query All RPM Packages
Type the below command to query all the installed rpm packages on the system.
# rpm -qa libertas-usb8388-firmware-5.110.22.p23-3.1.el6.noarch libjpeg-6b-46.el6.x86_64 perl-XML-NamespaceSupport-1.10-3.el6.noarch libacl-2.2.49-4.el6.x86_64 checkpolicy-2.0.22-1.el6.x86_64 psa-atis-1.1-50.x86_64 tomcat6-6.0.24-33.el6.noarch ..................... ............. ..........
Where,
q : For query operation
a : For all installed package
Query Only For Particular RPM Package
To query for particular rpm package you can use grep command as shown below:
# rpm -qa | grep "procmail" procmail-3.22-25.1.el6.x86_64 OR # rpm -q procmail procmail-3.22-25.1.el6.x86_64
Note :- For “rpm -q procmail” command you have to specify the exact package name, otherwise command will report that the package is not installed.
Query RPM Package In Various Format
You can also get the various format such as header tag name using -queryformat option.
# rpm -qa --queryformat '%{name}-%{version}-%{release} %{size}\n'
libertas-usb8388-firmware-5.110.22.p23-3.1.el6 129601
libjpeg-6b-46.el6 300249
perl-XML-NamespaceSupport-1.10-3.el6 28882
libacl-2.2.49-4.el6 31856
checkpolicy-2.0.22-1.el6 870239
psa-atis-1.1-50 134903
tomcat6-6.0.24-33.el6 195128
keyutils-libs-1.4-1.el6 33820
busybox-1.15.1-11.el6 1120107
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Which RPM Package Does a File Belongs To?
Using –qf option with rpm command, lets say if you have a file and would want to know which package owns all these files.
# rpm -qf /usr/bin/mysqlaccess mysql-5.5.36-21.el6.art.x86_64
Where,
f : For file name
Get All Information About Installed RPM Package
You can get all information about installed rpm package using rpm -qi options as shown below:
# rpm -qi mysql Name : mysql Relocations: (not relocatable) Version : 5.5.36 Vendor: (none) Release : 21.el6.art Build Date: Tue 11 Feb 2014 07:19:53 AM CST Install Date: Thu 20 Feb 2014 03:37:19 AM CST Build Host: loggerhead.atomicorp.com Group : Applications/Databases Source RPM: mysql-5.5.36-21.el6.art.src.rpm Size : 30006357 License: GPLv2 with exceptions Signature : DSA/SHA1, Tue 11 Feb 2014 07:50:28 AM CST, Key ID 32a951145ebd2744 URL : http://www.mysql.com Summary : MySQL client programs and shared libraries Description : MySQL is a multi-user, multi-threaded SQL database server. MySQL is a client/server implementation consisting of a server daemon (mysqld) and many different client programs and libraries. The base package contains the standard MySQL client programs and generic MySQL files.
If you want to know more information about rpm package before installing you can type below command:
# rpm -qip MySQL-client-3.23.57-1.i386.rpm Name : MySQL-client Relocations: (not relocatable) Version : 3.23.57 Vendor: MySQL AB Release : 1 Build Date: Mon 09 Jun 2003 11:08:28 PM CEST Install Date: (not installed) Build Host: build.mysql.com Group : Applications/Databases Source RPM: MySQL-3.23.57-1.src.rpm Size : 5305109 License: GPL / LGPL Signature : (none) Packager : Lenz Grimmer URL : http://www.mysql.com/ Summary : MySQL - Client Description : This package contains the standard MySQL clients.
Where,
i : Get information about rpm
p : Provide the package name
Listing All The File Related To RPM Package
You can also list all the content of a rpm package, using below command:
# rpm -qlp procmail-3.22-25.1.el6.x86_64.rpm /usr/bin/procmail /usr/bin/procmaildb /usr/bin/procmailprm . . /usr/bin/procmailusr
Where,
q : Used for query the rpm file
l : Used for list files in this package
p : Provide package name
Upgrade RPM Package
You can also upgrade package using rpm command it is similar to installing one, but it will automatically uninstall existing package version of the package before installing the new one. If the old version not found the system, this command still install it.
# rpm -Uvh MySQL-client-3.23.57-1.i386.rpm Preparing... ########################################### [100%] 1:MySQL-client ###########################################
Uninstall RPM Package
You can remove or uninstall rpm package using -e option as shown below.
# rpm -ev elinks
Install Package Ignoring Dependencies
# rpm -ivh --nodeps pants.rpm
Check an RPM Signature Package
Check the GPG signature of package before installing it. Type the below command:
# rpm --checksig pidgin-2.7.9-5.el6.2.i686.rpm pidgin-2.7.9-5.el6.2.i686.rpm: rsa sha1 (md5) pgp md5 OK
Verify All The RPM Package
Type the below command to verify the all the rpm package on the system.
# rpm -Va .......T. /usr/local/psa/admin/plib/modules/atism/version SM5....T. c /etc/sysconfig/tomcat6 ......G.. c /etc/tomcat6/catalina.policy ......G.. c /etc/tomcat6/catalina.properties ......G.. c /etc/tomcat6/context.xml ......G.. c /etc/tomcat6/log4j.properties ......G.. c /etc/tomcat6/logging.properties S.5...GT. c /etc/tomcat6/server.xml S.5....T. c /etc/tomcat6/tomcat6.conf ......G.. c /etc/tomcat6/web.xml ......G.. /usr/share/tomcat6 ......G.. /usr/share/tomcat6/bin/bootstrap-6.0.24.jar ......G.. /usr/share/tomcat6/bin/catalina-tasks.xml ......G.. /usr/share/tomcat6/bin/tomcat-juli-6.0.24.jar .M....... /var/cache/tomcat6/temp .....U... /var/cache/tomcat6/work .M...UG.. /var/log/tomcat6 .M.....T. /var/log/tomcat6/catalina.out S.5....T. c /etc/inittab
Thanks:)
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